This study exploits 66 years of flash flood disasters across China. The conclusions are as follows. The clustering procedure highlights distinct spatial and temporal patterns of flash flood disasters at different scales. There are distinguished seasonal, yearly and even long-term persistent flash flood behaviors of flash flood disasters. Finally, the decreased duration of clusters in the recent period indicates a possible activation induced by short-duration extreme rainfall events.

The Belt and Road region has frequent flooding, however, the spatial pattern of flood susceptibility here is not yet clear. To this end, this study used support vector machine to generate a flood susceptibility map of this region based on a novel method of non-flood point selection. More importantly, we introduced the flood susceptibility comprehensive index (FSCI) to quantitatively analyze the flood susceptibility levels of 7 sub-regions and 66 countries in the study area.

Flash flooding is one of the most destructive natural disasters that occur in mountainous areas. Understanding the spatiotemporal characteristics of flash flooding across China is important for enabling better disaster estimation and prevention on the national scale. To bridge the gap in the research of the spatiotemporal characteristics of flash flooding events (FFEs), this paper detected the temporal variation, temporal periodic and temporal clustering of FFEs in China.

We want to know which areas are prone to landslides and where pipelines are more unsafe. Through a model, we determined that 33.18 % and 40.46 % of the slopes in the study are were in high-hazard and extremely high-hazard areas, respectively. The number and length of pipe segments in the highly vulnerable and extremely vulnerable areas accounted for about 12 % of the total. In general, the pipeline risk within Qingchuan and Jian'ge counties was relatively high.