Abstracts of the ICA
Abstracts of the ICA
ICA-Abs
Articles | Volume 12
Articles | Volume 12
https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-4-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-4-2026
© Author(s) 2026. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Articles | Volume 12
07 Sep 2026
 | 07 Sep 2026

Establishing International Normative Values for Spatial Thinking Skills Across World’s Cultural Regions: A Multilevel Investigation of Individual and Cultural Factors

Alaattin Arıkan, Turhan Çetin, Emrah Hiğde, Hatice Can, and Arzu Çöltekin

Keywords: spatial thinking skills, norm values, cross-cultural research, hierarchical linear modelling (HLM), 12–18 age group, cartography education

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How to cite. Arıkan, A., Çetin, T., Hiğde, E., Can, H., and Çöltekin, A.: Establishing International Normative Values for Spatial Thinking Skills Across World’s Cultural Regions: A Multilevel Investigation of Individual and Cultural Factors, Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 4, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-4-2026, 2026.
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