Permafrost soils contain twice the amount of carbon than the atmosphere, and its release could majorly affect global temperatures. This study found that a thicker moss layer resulted in cooler temperatures deeper in the soil, despite warmer surface temperatures. The top green living moss layer was the most important in regulating the soil temperatures and should be considered when predicting the response of permafrost thaw to climate change.

Mass movement hazards in the form of gullies and landslides pose significant risks in urbanizing areas yet are poorly documented. This paper presents observations and modeling of mass movement events over a 5-year period in Tijuana, Mexico. Three major events were observed, and all were linked to water resources infrastructure failures (WRIFs), namely leaks and breaks in water supply pipes. Modeling shows that WRIF-based erosion was also a non-negligible contributor to the total sediment budget.

Regression models were developed to predict streamflow variables (i.e. flow duration curve percentile flows) for the contiguous US. Over 35 independent variables were evaluated, but only three selected through an expert assessment performed better than most combinations of the other variables. Simple regression models consisting of annual precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and baseflow were converted into a tool for predicting percentile flows for ungauged basins in the contiguous US.