Surveys of global landforms are important for understanding the internal and external dynamic information during the planet's evolution. This study proposes a novel framework for global landform classification and releases a novel dataset called Global Basic Landform Units (GBLU) with 1 arc-second resolution. this dataset can provide abundant and detailed geomorphological information for the field of earth sciences, facilitating further advancements in related research.

The management and conservation of lakes should be conducted in the context of catchments because lakes collect water and materials from their upstream catchments. This study constructed the first dataset of lake-catchment characteristics for 1525 lakes with an area from 0.2 to 4503 km² on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), which provides exciting opportunities for lake studies in a spatially explicit context and promotes the development of landscape limnology on the TP.