Modelling and visualisation of land surface temperature in urban areas represented by 3D city models

This paper presents a novel approach that provides evidence of environmental conditions during the formation of a cave inferred from measuring the geometry of the cave surface. We focused on winding channels with associated cave landforms carved high up in the cave ceiling inaccessible to direct inspection by speleologists. This was possible by coupling 3-D laser scanning of the cave and analyzing the cave morphology by the tools used in 3-D computer graphics and digital terrain analysis.