We examined how avalanche forecasters across Europe use the EAWS (European Avalanche Warning Services) Matrix, a decision-support tool for determining regional avalanche danger levels. Although warning services apply the Matrix differently, we identified both consistent patterns and notable inconsistencies in its application. Our findings highlight where the Matrix works well and where clarification is needed, supporting more consistent and transparent avalanche information for the public.

This paper presents the updated EAWS (European Avalanche Warning Services) Matrix, developed to support consistent avalanche danger assessments across Europe. It links snowpack stability, its frequency, and avalanche size to the five danger levels. Based on expert surveys and operational testing, the Matrix supports expert judgment and aligns with the Conceptual Model of Avalanche Hazard while addressing known ambiguities in practice.

Snow avalanches threaten people and infrastructure in snow-covered mountain regions. To mitigate the effects of avalanches, warnings are issued by public forecasting services. Presently, the five danger levels are described in qualitative terms. We aim to characterize the avalanche danger levels based on expert field observations of snow instability. Our findings contribute to an evidence-based description of danger levels and to improve consistency and accuracy of avalanche forecasts.