Classed or continuous rainbow color scheme? A case study with 2D and 3D permafrost visualizations

Gołębiowska, Izabela; Dall’Acqua, Luca; Noetzli, Jeannette; Çöltekin, Arzu

doi:10.5194/ica-abs-10-91-2025

Articles | Volume 10

Article
Metrics
Related articles

Articles | Volume 10

https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-91-2025

Articles | Volume 10

Article
Metrics
Related articles

12 Dec 2025

| 12 Dec 2025

Classed or continuous rainbow color scheme? A case study with 2D and 3D permafrost visualizations

Izabela Gołębiowska, Luca Dall’Acqua, Jeannette Noetzli, and Arzu Çöltekin

Izabela Gołębiowska

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4307-7054

Faculty of Geography and Regional Studies, University of Warsaw, Poland

Luca Dall’Acqua

Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

Jeannette Noetzli

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9188-6318

Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, Switzerland

Arzu Çöltekin

Institute of Interactive Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland

Related authors

Show only first author papers Show all papers

Who does it belong to? How atlas maps show border changes

Marcin Wereszczyński and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 150, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-150-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-150-2026, 2026

From 75 Million Images to a Verified Dataset of Statistical Maps: A Multi-Stage Extraction Pipeline Combining Active Learning and Vision Language Models

Marta Solarz and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 133, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-133-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-133-2026, 2026

Information Distortion and Cartographic Quality in AI-Generated Thematic Maps

Kacper Sobczak and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 132, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-132-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-132-2026, 2026

“If I know what I need” – on the importance of subjective metrics in map user studies

Izabela Gołębiowska, Francis Harvey, and Jolanta Korycka-Skorupa

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 41, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-41-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-41-2026, 2026

How spatial data is used for informed decision making in mountain rescuing? Case study of Polish mountain rescuing organizations

Katarzyna Borczon and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 16, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-16-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-16-2026, 2026

From Maps to Meaning: An Exploratory Study of Generative AI Models’ Use of Statistical Maps

Marta Solarz and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 10, 271, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-271-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-271-2025, 2025

So who wins on this map? A user study on the persuasiveness of selected design solutions for presenting dominance on thematic maps

Kacper Sobczak and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 10, 270, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-270-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-270-2025, 2025

Mitigating relief inversion illusion with multidirectional sky illumination model: A user study

Izabela Gołębiowska, Patrick Kennelly, Izabela Karsznia, Arzu Çöltekin, Gene Trantham, and Katarzyna Borczon

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 10, 92, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-92-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-92-2025, 2025

User Experience with Geodashboards Visualizing Preparedness and Response to Natural Hazards

Izabela Gołębiowska, Tomasz Opach, and Arzu Çöltekin

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 9, 17, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-9-17-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-9-17-2025, 2025

User evaluation of the Polish geohistorical platform “Atlas Fontium” ‒ preliminary results

Katarzyna Słomska-Przech, Tomasz Panecki, Aniela Wrzesińska, Arkadiusz Borek, Wiesława Duży, Izabela Gołębiowska, Jowita Radzińska, and Grzegorz Myrda

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 8, 24, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-8-24-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-8-24-2024, 2024

Analyzing colour use in urban point cloud visualizations

Jesús Balado and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 8, 5, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-8-5-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-8-5-2024, 2024

A map alone or with a company? User study on redundancy in maps and other forms of data visualization

Marta Solarz and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 7, 161, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-7-161-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-7-161-2024, 2024

Map Use Challenges in the Digital Humanities: Preliminary Insights through Eye-Tracking Analysis

Francis Harvey, Marta Kuzma, Izabela Gołębiowska, and Paulina Wacławik

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 6, 87, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-87-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-87-2023, 2023

Split legend or split attention? Evaluating layout designs of geodashboard interfaces

Izabela Gołębiowska, Tomasz Opach, Arzu Çöltekin, Jolanta Korycka-Skorupa, and Jan Ketil Rød

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 6, 73, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-73-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-73-2023, 2023

Over the rainbow: An in-depth examination of the pervasiveness of the rainbow colour scheme

Izabela Gołębiowska and Arzu Çöltekin

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 6, 72, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-72-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-72-2023, 2023

Assessing legend designs for coordinated and multiple views geovisualizations

Izabela Gołębiowska, Tomasz Opach, and Arzu Çöltekin

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 3, 93, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-93-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-93-2021, 2021

User Study on Informationally Equivalent Thematic Maps for Map Use Tasks

Katarzyna Słomska-Przech and Izabela Małgorzata Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 3, 269, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-269-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-269-2021, 2021

Empirical evaluation of four-variate thematic maps for expert users

Jolanta Korycka-Skorupa and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 3, 157, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-157-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-157-2021, 2021

Empirical Study on Recognition of Spatial Patterns in Choropleth Maps Using Hexagonal Shaped Units

Izabela Karsznia, Izabela Gołębiowska, Jolanta Korycka-Skorupa, and Tomasz Nowacki

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 3, 140, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-140-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-140-2021, 2021

More articles (14)

Who does it belong to? How atlas maps show border changes

Marcin Wereszczyński and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 150, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-150-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-150-2026, 2026

From 75 Million Images to a Verified Dataset of Statistical Maps: A Multi-Stage Extraction Pipeline Combining Active Learning and Vision Language Models

Marta Solarz and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 133, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-133-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-133-2026, 2026

Information Distortion and Cartographic Quality in AI-Generated Thematic Maps

Kacper Sobczak and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 132, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-132-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-132-2026, 2026

“If I know what I need” – on the importance of subjective metrics in map user studies

Izabela Gołębiowska, Francis Harvey, and Jolanta Korycka-Skorupa

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 41, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-41-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-41-2026, 2026

How spatial data is used for informed decision making in mountain rescuing? Case study of Polish mountain rescuing organizations

Katarzyna Borczon and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 16, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-16-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-16-2026, 2026

Establishing International Normative Values for Spatial Thinking Skills Across World’s Cultural Regions: A Multilevel Investigation of Individual and Cultural Factors

Alaattin Arıkan, Turhan Çetin, Emrah Hiğde, Hatice Can, and Arzu Çöltekin

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 12, 4, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-4-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-12-4-2026, 2026

Towards evaluating the effects of visualization and task types on urban planning decisions

Bettina Lobriza-Kalt, Elif Gürçınar, Halil İbrahim Şenol, and Arzu Çöltekin

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIX-B4-2026, 289–297, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-289-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-289-2026, 2026

Driver training in immersive virtual reality (VR) and transfer to the real world: A feasibility study on learning how to drive a truck in VR

Andrea Frick and Arzu Çöltekin

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., XLIX-B4-2026, 281–288, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-281-2026,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-XLIX-B4-2026-281-2026, 2026

From Maps to Meaning: An Exploratory Study of Generative AI Models’ Use of Statistical Maps

Marta Solarz and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 10, 271, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-271-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-271-2025, 2025

So who wins on this map? A user study on the persuasiveness of selected design solutions for presenting dominance on thematic maps

Kacper Sobczak and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 10, 270, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-270-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-270-2025, 2025

Can naive and expert users spot the difference between AI vs. human-generalized maps?

Izabela Karsznia, Arzu Çöltekin, and Veronica Sundstedt

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 10, 140, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-140-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-140-2025, 2025

Mitigating relief inversion illusion with multidirectional sky illumination model: A user study

Izabela Gołębiowska, Patrick Kennelly, Izabela Karsznia, Arzu Çöltekin, Gene Trantham, and Katarzyna Borczon

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 10, 92, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-92-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-10-92-2025, 2025

An Exploratory Study Investigating Users’ Understanding of Noise Model Uncertainties Utilising Webcam Eye Tracking

Zulfa Nur'aini 'Afifah, Merve Keskin, Arzu Çöltekin, and Jukka M. Krisp

Adv. Cartogr. GIScience Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 5, 1, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-5-1-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-adv-5-1-2025, 2025

User Experience with Geodashboards Visualizing Preparedness and Response to Natural Hazards

Izabela Gołębiowska, Tomasz Opach, and Arzu Çöltekin

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 9, 17, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-9-17-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-9-17-2025, 2025

Designing AR viewer for QField: towards supporting handling geospatial data in situ for emergency response situations

Anton Fedosov, Elif Gürçınar, Luca Fluri, Marco Bernasocchi, Matthias Kuhn, and Arzu Çöltekin

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 9, 11, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-9-11-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-9-11-2025, 2025

Does extended reality work for skills training?

Erion Elmasllari, Kevin Kim, and Arzu Çöltekin

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 9, 9, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-9-9-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-9-9-2025, 2025

Cartographic generalization of settlement representations: human vs. machine

Izabela Karsznia, Arzu Çöltekin, and Veronica Sundstedt

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 8, 12, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-8-12-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-8-12-2024, 2024

User evaluation of the Polish geohistorical platform “Atlas Fontium” ‒ preliminary results

Katarzyna Słomska-Przech, Tomasz Panecki, Aniela Wrzesińska, Arkadiusz Borek, Wiesława Duży, Izabela Gołębiowska, Jowita Radzińska, and Grzegorz Myrda

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 8, 24, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-8-24-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-8-24-2024, 2024

Analyzing colour use in urban point cloud visualizations

Jesús Balado and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 8, 5, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-8-5-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-8-5-2024, 2024

A map alone or with a company? User study on redundancy in maps and other forms of data visualization

Marta Solarz and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 7, 161, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-7-161-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-7-161-2024, 2024

Designing maps & visualizations for mobile devices: A collaborative research agenda

Robert E. Roth, Arzu Çöltekin, Luciene Delazari, Bradley Denney, André Mendonça, Jie Shen, Zdeněk Stachoň, and Mingguang Wu

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 6, 213, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-213-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-213-2023, 2023

User experience with smartphone based global-scale thematic maps in data journalism

Jonas Oesch, Joana Kelén, Tumasch Reichenbacher, and Arzu Çöltekin

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 6, 191, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-191-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-191-2023, 2023

Map Use Challenges in the Digital Humanities: Preliminary Insights through Eye-Tracking Analysis

Francis Harvey, Marta Kuzma, Izabela Gołębiowska, and Paulina Wacławik

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 6, 87, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-87-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-87-2023, 2023

Split legend or split attention? Evaluating layout designs of geodashboard interfaces

Izabela Gołębiowska, Tomasz Opach, Arzu Çöltekin, Jolanta Korycka-Skorupa, and Jan Ketil Rød

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 6, 73, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-73-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-73-2023, 2023

Over the rainbow: An in-depth examination of the pervasiveness of the rainbow colour scheme

Izabela Gołębiowska and Arzu Çöltekin

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 6, 72, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-72-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-72-2023, 2023

What moderates the terrain reversal effect in shaded relief maps?

Arzu Çöltekin, Amy L. Griffin, Rahel Ganarin, Victoria Rautenbach, Serena Coetzee, and Azile Mdleleni

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 6, 40, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-40-2023,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-6-40-2023, 2023

In situ observations of the Swiss periglacial environment using GNSS instruments

Alessandro Cicoira, Samuel Weber, Andreas Biri, Ben Buchli, Reynald Delaloye, Reto Da Forno, Isabelle Gärtner-Roer, Stephan Gruber, Tonio Gsell, Andreas Hasler, Roman Lim, Philippe Limpach, Raphael Mayoraz, Matthias Meyer, Jeannette Noetzli, Marcia Phillips, Eric Pointner, Hugo Raetzo, Cristian Scapozza, Tazio Strozzi, Lothar Thiele, Andreas Vieli, Daniel Vonder Mühll, Vanessa Wirz, and Jan Beutel

Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 5061–5091, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5061-2022, 2022

Short summary

This paper documents a monitoring network of 54 positions, located on different periglacial landforms in the Swiss Alps: rock glaciers, landslides, and steep rock walls. The data serve basic research but also decision-making and mitigation of natural hazards. It is the largest dataset of its kind, comprising over 209 000 daily positions and additional weather data.

Hide

Building Footprint Extraction from High Resolution UAV Images Using Deep Learning Algorithms in the Context of Unplanned Urbanisation

Halil İbrahim Şenol and Arzu Çöltekin

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 5, 144, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-5-144-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-5-144-2022, 2022

VISUALLY ANNOTATED RESPONSIVE DIGITAL TWINS FOR REMOTE COLLABORATION IN MIXED REALITY ENVIRONMENTS

L. Baumgartner, L. Brägger, K. Koebel, J. Scheidegger, and A. Çöltekin

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-4-2022, 329–336, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-4-2022-329-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-4-2022-329-2022, 2022

INTERACTION AND VISUALIZATION DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR GAZE-GUIDED COMMUNICATION IN COLLABORATIVE EXTENDED REALITY

L. Brägger, L. Baumgartner, K. Koebel, J. Scheidegger, and A. Çöltekin

ISPRS Ann. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci., V-4-2022, 205–212, https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-4-2022-205-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-V-4-2022-205-2022, 2022

Long-term energy balance measurements at three different mountain permafrost sites in the Swiss Alps

Martin Hoelzle, Christian Hauck, Tamara Mathys, Jeannette Noetzli, Cécile Pellet, and Martin Scherler

Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 1531–1547, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1531-2022,https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-1531-2022, 2022

Short summary

With ongoing climate change, it is crucial to understand the interactions of the individual heat fluxes at the surface and within the subsurface layers, as well as their impacts on the permafrost thermal regime. A unique set of high-altitude meteorological measurements has been analysed to determine the energy balance at three mountain permafrost sites in the Swiss Alps, where data have been collected since the late 1990s in collaboration with the Swiss Permafrost Monitoring Network (PERMOS).

Hide

User Study on Informationally Equivalent Thematic Maps for Map Use Tasks

Katarzyna Słomska-Przech and Izabela Małgorzata Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 3, 269, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-269-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-269-2021, 2021

Empirical evaluation of four-variate thematic maps for expert users

Jolanta Korycka-Skorupa and Izabela Gołębiowska

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 3, 157, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-157-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-157-2021, 2021

Empirical Study on Recognition of Spatial Patterns in Choropleth Maps Using Hexagonal Shaped Units

Izabela Karsznia, Izabela Gołębiowska, Jolanta Korycka-Skorupa, and Tomasz Nowacki

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 3, 140, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-140-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-140-2021, 2021

Assessing legend designs for coordinated and multiple views geovisualizations

Izabela Gołębiowska, Tomasz Opach, and Arzu Çöltekin

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 3, 93, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-93-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-93-2021, 2021

Visual complexity and memorability of maps

Arzu Çöltekin, Dario Oertle, and Alžběta Brychtová

Abstr. Int. Cartogr. Assoc., 3, 58, https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-58-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-3-58-2021, 2021